java8-Lambda中比较器Comparator的使用

此教程旨在让读者学会使用lambda并结合Comparator进行集合排序操作

• 典型的比较器示例

Comparator<Developer> byName = new Comparator<Developer>() {
    @Override
    public int compare(Developer o1, Developer o2) {
        return o1.getName().compareTo(o2.getName());
    }
};

• 等价的Lambda的方式

Comparator<Developer> byName =
    (Developer o1, Developer o2)->o1.getName().compareTo(o2.getName());

不使用Lambda的排序

假如我们要通过Developer 对象的年龄进行排序，通常情况下我们使用Collections.sort，new个匿名Comparator 类，类似下面这种：

import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;

public class TestSorting {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        List<Developer> listDevs = getDevelopers();

        System.out.println("Before Sort");
        for (Developer developer : listDevs) {
            System.out.println(developer);
        }

        //sort by age
        Collections.sort(listDevs, new Comparator<Developer>() {
            @Override
            public int compare(Developer o1, Developer o2) {
                return o1.getAge() - o2.getAge();
            }
        });

        System.out.println("After Sort");
        for (Developer developer : listDevs) {
            System.out.println(developer);
        }

    }

    private static List<Developer> getDevelopers() {

        List<Developer> result = new ArrayList<Developer>();

        result.add(new Developer("ricky", new BigDecimal("70000"), 33));
        result.add(new Developer("alvin", new BigDecimal("80000"), 20));
        result.add(new Developer("jason", new BigDecimal("100000"), 10));
        result.add(new Developer("iris", new BigDecimal("170000"), 55));

        return result;

    }

}

输出结果：

Before Sort
Developer [name=ricky, salary=70000, age=33]
Developer [name=alvin, salary=80000, age=20]
Developer [name=jason, salary=100000, age=10]
Developer [name=iris, salary=170000, age=55]

After Sort
Developer [name=jason, salary=100000, age=10]
Developer [name=alvin, salary=80000, age=20]
Developer [name=ricky, salary=70000, age=33]
Developer [name=iris, salary=170000, age=55]

当比较规则发生变化时，你需要再次new个匿名Comparator 类：

    //sort by age
    Collections.sort(listDevs, new Comparator<Developer>() {
        @Override
        public int compare(Developer o1, Developer o2) {
            return o1.getAge() - o2.getAge();
        }
    });

    //sort by name
    Collections.sort(listDevs, new Comparator<Developer>() {
        @Override
        public int compare(Developer o1, Developer o2) {
            return o1.getName().compareTo(o2.getName());
        }
    });

    //sort by salary
    Collections.sort(listDevs, new Comparator<Developer>() {
        @Override
        public int compare(Developer o1, Developer o2) {
            return o1.getSalary().compareTo(o2.getSalary());
        }
    });

这样也可以，不过你会不会觉得这样有点怪，因为其实不同的只有一行代码而已，但是却需要重复写很多代码？

通过lambda进行排序

在java8中，List接口直接提供了排序方法， 所以你不需要使用Collections.sort

    //List.sort() since Java 8
    listDevs.sort(new Comparator<Developer>() {
        @Override
        public int compare(Developer o1, Developer o2) {
            return o2.getAge() - o1.getAge();
        }
    });

Lambda 示例

import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class TestSorting {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        List<Developer> listDevs = getDevelopers();

        System.out.println("Before Sort");
        for (Developer developer : listDevs) {
            System.out.println(developer);
        }

        System.out.println("After Sort");

        //lambda here!
        listDevs.sort((Developer o1, Developer o2)->o1.getAge()-o2.getAge());

        //java 8 only, lambda also, to print the List
        listDevs.forEach((developer)->System.out.println(developer));
    }

    private static List<Developer> getDevelopers() {

        List<Developer> result = new ArrayList<Developer>();

        result.add(new Developer("ricky", new BigDecimal("70000"), 33));
        result.add(new Developer("alvin", new BigDecimal("80000"), 20));
        result.add(new Developer("jason", new BigDecimal("100000"), 10));
        result.add(new Developer("iris", new BigDecimal("170000"), 55));

        return result;

    }

}

输出结果:

Before Sort
Developer [name=ricky, salary=70000, age=33]
Developer [name=alvin, salary=80000, age=20]
Developer [name=jason, salary=100000, age=10]
Developer [name=iris, salary=170000, age=55]

After Sort
Developer [name=jason, salary=100000, age=10]
Developer [name=alvin, salary=80000, age=20]
Developer [name=ricky, salary=70000, age=33]
Developer [name=iris, salary=170000, age=55]

更多的Lambda 例子

• 根据年龄

      //sort by age
      Collections.sort(listDevs, new Comparator<Developer>() {
          @Override
          public int compare(Developer o1, Developer o2) {
              return o1.getAge() - o2.getAge();
          }
      });
  
      //lambda
      listDevs.sort((Developer o1, Developer o2)->o1.getAge()-o2.getAge());
  
      //lambda, valid, parameter type is optional
      listDevs.sort((o1, o2)->o1.getAge()-o2.getAge());

• 根据名字

      //sort by name
      Collections.sort(listDevs, new Comparator<Developer>() {
          @Override
          public int compare(Developer o1, Developer o2) {
              return o1.getName().compareTo(o2.getName());
          }
      });
  
      //lambda
      listDevs.sort((Developer o1, Developer o2)->o1.getName().compareTo(o2.getName()));
  
      //lambda
      listDevs.sort((o1, o2)->o1.getName().compareTo(o2.getName()));

• 根据薪水

      //sort by salary
      Collections.sort(listDevs, new Comparator<Developer>() {
          @Override
          public int compare(Developer o1, Developer o2) {
              return o1.getSalary().compareTo(o2.getSalary());
          }
      });
  
      //lambda
      listDevs.sort((Developer o1, Developer o2)->o1.getSalary().compareTo(o2.getSalary()));
  
      //lambda
      listDevs.sort((o1, o2)->o1.getSalary().compareTo(o2.getSalary()))

• 倒序

  • 正常排序

        Comparator<Developer> salaryComparator = (o1, o2)->o1.getSalary().compareTo(o2.getSalary());
        listDevs.sort(salaryComparator);

  • 倒序

      Comparator<Developer> salaryComparator = (o1, o2)->o1.getSalary().compareTo(o2.getSalary());
      listDevs.sort(salaryComparator.reversed());

翻译

ricky 20170728

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